10/27/2022 0 Comments Paradigm Speaker Serial Numbers![]() ![]() For example, a listener may be able to fully understand a spoken message in a challenging background noise but the amount of listening effort required to process the message in this situation may be considerably greater than when the same signal is processed in a quiet background setting. A person may obtain the same proportion of correct responses on two different tasks but report that performing one task was substantially more effortful than the other one. There is no direct relationship between performance level in terms of proportion (or percent) of correct responses obtained on a listening task and listening effort. Processing speech may become more effortful when the quality of the signal is degraded (e.g., due to noise or if the listener has hearing loss), when the language structure used is complex, or when the content of the message is less familiar. Under ideal listening conditions, listening to speech is relatively effortless ( Rönnberg et al., 2013 Rönnberg, Rudner, Foo, & Lunner, 2008). Listening effort refers to ‘the amount of processing resources (perceptual, attentional, cognitive, etc.) allocated to a specific auditory task, when the task demands are high (adverse listening conditions) and when the listener strives to reach a high-level of performance on the listening task. One aspect of speech understanding that is underevaluated is listening effort. In clinical settings, speech understanding is typically measured by calculating the proportion of keywords that can be identified correctly under a given listening condition (e.g., in quiet or in noise). Several research questions that warrant further investigation in order to better understand and characterize the intricacies of dual-task paradigms were identified. ![]() In general, the analysis confirmed that dual-task paradigms have been used successfully to measure differences in effort under different experimental conditions, in both younger and older adults. The differences in experimental procedures used across studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions concerning the optimal choice of dual-task paradigm or the sensitivity of specific paradigms to different types of experimental manipulations. The review revealed large variability in the dual-task experimental paradigms that have been used to measure the listening effort expended during speech understanding. Finally, some issues that warrant future research are addressed. Then, several procedural issues associated with the use of dual-task experiment paradigms are discussed. Effects of different signal characteristics, such as the test modality, on dual-task outcomes are evaluated, and associations with cognitive abilities and self-report measures of listening effort are described. A summary of the main findings reported in the articles is provided with respect to the participants’ age-group and hearing status. Published investigations ( n = 29) in which a dual-task experimental paradigm was employed to measure listening effort during speech understanding in younger and older adults were reviewed. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |